The PERCEPTION & MIND LAB investigates how we see, how we think, and especially how seeing and thinking interact to produce sophisticated behavior. We are located in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Johns Hopkins University, and we are also affiliated with two cross-departmental research groups: Vision Sciences Group, and the Foundations of Mind Group. This page contains information about who we are and what we do.

News

• The lab has bid farewell to postdoc Nicolò Cesana-Arlotti, who will start his own lab at Yale in July 2023! Chaz wasn't sure how best to toast Nico on the occasion of his departure, so he asked ChatGPT for help. (January 2023)

• Here's a first: Chaz shared some of the lab's work with the Los Angeles Dodgers performance science team! Little did they know he was wearing his Blue Jays jersey under his sweater… (January 2023)

• Congratulations to former graduate student Chenxiao Guan, who has been awarded a special postdoctoral fellowship from Zhejiang University! Chenxiao will be a supported by ZJU's High-Level Talent Cultivation Program (浙江大学高层次人才培育支持专项计划), and will join the labs of Mowei Shen and Hui Chen. We can't wait to hear about Chenxiao's work with her new colleagues. (November 2022)

• Chaz was honored to represent the lab at this year's meeting of the Society for Philosophy and Psychology, where he gave the annual Stanton Prize address! The talk reviewed our group's work at the intersection of vision science and the philosophy of perception, which continues to be a core theme here in the lab. Chaz was very worried about questions from sharp and intimidating philosophers, so he brought his own imposing Q&A hypeman with him to patrol the stage and shout down hecklers. (July 2022)

• Our work on perspectival appearance (led by former lab postdoc Jorge Morales) is heating up! A critical discussion, authored by Johannes Burge and Tyler Burge, appears here. There are two replies to it: One from our group (available here), and another from an independent group of philosophers and psychologists (available here). You can also see (and even participate in) a parallel conversation on social media, through threads shared by both Johannes and Jorge. Another online discussion can be found at the Brains blog, which hosted a symposium on this project featuring a number of prominent scholars working on this topic. We in the lab are happy that this old and foundational question is receiving newfound attention, and we are excited to see the new directions that emerge. (June 2022)

• The lab is ready for VSS! Check out our presentations at perception.jhu.edu/vss. (May 2022)

• Lab graduate student Sholei Croom has been awarded a graduate fellowship from the National Science Foundation! Congratulations Sholei on this well-deserved recognition. You can see some of Sholei's latest work in Nature Reviews Psychology. (April 2022)

• Congratulations to lab postdoc Alon Hafri, who has accepted a tenure-track faculty position in the Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science at the University of Delaware! The Hafri Lab opens for business in August 2022 — join it while you still can! (March 2022)

• Several lab members are headed to VSS with the support of the National Eye Institute! Tal Boger, Sholei Croom, Caroline Myers, and Makaela Nartker have all received travel awards from the Vision Sciences Society (sponsored by the NEI). Catch them — and the rest of us — on the beach this May. (March 2022)

• Congratulations to lab graduate student Chenxiao Guan, who has been awarded the William James Prize from the Society for Philosophy and Psychology! This prize goes to the best project contributed by a graduate student, and it was awarded to Chenxiao for her work on "The perception of possibility". (July 2021)

• Congratulations to lab graduate student Makaela Nartker, who has been named a fellow of the Science of Learning Institute for 2021–2022! Makaela's work will be supported by the SLI, and her knowledge and expertise will also be called upon at SLI group meetings aimed at expanding our interdisciplinary understanding of the biological and psychological basis of learning and memory. (June 2021)

• Congratulations to lab postdoc Alon Hafri, who has been awarded a research fellowship from the National Science Foundation! For the next two years, Alon and his work will be supported by the NSF's Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences Division. (May 2021)

• The lab is ready for Virtual-VSS! Check out our presentations at perception.jhu.edu/vss. (May 2021)

• Congratulations to lab postdoc Jorge Morales, who has accepted a tenure-track faculty position in the Department of Psychology at Northeastern University! The position even comes with an affiliation in the philosophy department too. The Morales Lab opens for business in January 2022 — join it while you still can! (May 2021)

• Chaz spoke about the lab's work on 'invisible objects' — completed by former lab undergraduate Pat Little — on NPR's Science Friday! You can listen to the segment here. (April 2021)

• Congratulations to Ian Phillips, who has won the Lebowitz prize from the American Philosophical Association and Phi Beta Kappa Society! The award honors two philosophers who have made important (and contrasting) contributions to a central philosophical question. This year, Ian shares the honor with Ned Block, and the two of them will now appear in an APA symposium on "Perception, Consciousness and the Self" in January 2022. We are so fortunate to benefit from Ian's expertise and insight here in the lab (and we are big Ned fans too). Kudos to both! (April 2021)

• Lab postdoc Jorge Morales and lab collaborator Matt Groh have both received travel awards from the Vision Sciences Society! Catch them (and the rest of us) on the virtual beach this May. (March 2021)

• Congratulations to lab RA Tal Boger, who has received a research fellowship from Yale's Saybrook College! This new support will allow Tal to continue his work in our lab, where he is exploring how perception works in "Wonderland". (Intrigued? Find Tal at VSS 2021!) (February 2021)

• We're over the moon that two new members have joined our lab! (Both the giant teddy bear, and the creature in its lap.) (October 2020)

• Stop: MC Hammer likes perspectival shapes. (August 2020)

• Lab postdoc Jorge Morales discussed the 'science of subjectivity' on the Spark Dialog podcast! Give the episode a listen here. (August 2020)

• The lab is thrilled to have the support of the National Science Foundation for our research on the perception of relations! Stay tuned for new empirical and theoretical work on how the mind perceives interactions between objects in the world. (July 2020)

• This is cool: Lab graduate student Zekun Sun wrote a beautiful piece for the Chinese-language science magazine Neureality (神经现实), about her new Trends in Cognitive Sciences paper on the "Dark Room Problem". Then, she appeared on the Mind-a-Bit podcast (基智一点) to discuss the issue with Qian Yu and Feitong Yang. 恭喜泽坤!
  (July 2020)

• There's some exciting media around our new paper (led by Jorge Morales, ft. Axel Bax) on perspectival shapes! The Skeptics Guide to the Universe podcast devoted a fantastic segment to it on a recent episode. Forbes Magazine wrote a very informed piece on the paper, as did Nautilus Magazine — and it was also the subject of a two-page spread in Portugal's national newspaper, Público! Some other stories can be found here, here, and here. Congratulations to Jorge and Axel; and apologies to their parents, who now have more fridge material than they know what to do with. (June 2020)

• Congratulations to Patrick Little, who will be attending NYU this fall for his PhD! He'll join the lab of Todd Gureckis, and he also plans to collaborate with Wei Ji Ma. In the meantime, he'll stick around until the summer, photoshopping images of grilled cheese (more on that later). Pat was our lab's first ever member, having joined as a college sophomore; this is bittersweet!! (April 2020)

• The lab has Zoomed into cyberspace for the time being. Wishing everyone health and safety during these uncertain times. (March 2020)

• Lab graduate student Zekun Sun was just awarded "Best Talk" from the Object Perception, Attention, & Memory Meeting (OPAM)! For her talk titled "Speaking about Seeing". Congratulations Zekun on this well-deserved recognition! (November 2019)

• Congratulations to lab members Austin Baker and Jorge Morales on winning the poster prize from the Society for Philosophy and Psychology! Austin and Jorge were honored for their project on gender stereotypes and perception, titled "'You're my doctor?': Social stereotypes impair recognition of incidental visual features". And they did it in style. (July 2019)

• Congratulations to several lab members who are moving on to exciting new positions and opportunities! Visiting graduate student Austin Baker will return to the Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science as a Postdoctoral Assistant Professor, where they will continue their research at the intersection of philosophy and cognitive science (and hopefully still collaborate with us!). Lab undergrad Zhenglong Zhou is off to the University of Pennsylvania to begin his PhD in their Department of Psychology. Lab manager Jose Rivera-Aparicio is heading back to Puerto Rico as a law student at the University of Puerto Rico. And Isabel Won, a sophomore in the lab, was selected for a summer internship at Stanford's Center for the Study of Language and Information. Congratulations to everyone on these exciting new positions! (April 2019)

• The lab is earning some air miles! Earlier this academic year, Chenxiao Guan won a travel award to attend the Object Perception, Attention, and Memory meeting (aka OPAM) in New Orleans, for her talk on representations of "possibility" in perception. Zekun Sun then earned an Elsevier / Vision Research Travel Award from the Vision Sciences Society, to present her work on how verbal descriptions of images encode their perceived complexity. Next, Alon Hafri won an NEI Postdoctoral Travel Grant to tell VSS attendees how "a phone in a basket looks like a knife in a cup" (curious? join us in Fla.!). And last but not least, Isabel Won earned an undergraduate travel grant from our own Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, to support her impossibly cool VSS presentation titled "Impossible integration of size and weight". As of this update, it is unknown what spoils Chenxiao, Zekun, Alon, and Isabel will claim. (April 2019)

• There's some fun media surrounding our new work (led by lab undergrad Zhenglong Zhou) on how humans perceive adversarial images! Here at JHU, The Hub produced a story and video about the project, which includes a little game to give you a sense of the experience our subjects had. Another great piece is over at VentureBeat, which wrote a long and well-informed article about the paper. There was also some great discussion on the "AI with AI" Podcast. And believe it or not, there was a surprisingly well-informed and insightful discussion about our project on Reddit! We'll let you find that on your own... (April 2019)

• Lab postdoc Jorge Morales was just named a Provost's Postdoctoral Fellow! Jorge's work and promise were singled out by the Office of the Provost, which has honored him with a special funding award to support his work here at JHU. Congratulations to Jorge on this well-deserved recognition! (March 2019)

• We've just posted our first-ever preprint! From an exciting new project led by lab undergraduate Zhenglong Zhou, on how humans perceive "adversarial images" that fool convolutional neural nets. You can read the full paper at the link above, and you can also find a summary of the work in a recent news article over at New Scientist.
  (September 2018)

• Chaz spoke to the Wall Street Journal about the lab's exciting new work on the perception of complexity carpets.
  (August 2018)

• Lab postdoc Jorge Morales appeared on the Consciousness Live YouTube series to speak about his doctoral work on "mental strength". Check it out! (August 2018)

• Congratulations to several lab members on some exciting awards and prizes! Pat Little won a STAR Award to fund his research in the lab this summer; Isabel Won earned a summer internship in the Laboratory for Child Development here at JHU; Zhenglong Zhou won a DURA Award to start a new project on human and machine vision; and Chaz won a Dean's Teaching Award from the Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, as well as the Glushko Prize from the Cognitive Science Society. Congratulations to all! Now, back to work. (May 2018)

• The lab is very excited to be working with the Science of Learning Institute on a new project exploring 'rationality' in learning. (July 2017)

• Congratulations to lab undergraduate J.J. Valenti on winning a Provost's Undergraduate Research Award! J.J. will be working in the lab this coming academic year on 'reflexive' processing in intuitive physics. (March 2017)

• We have a website! This is it. It has a cool web address: https://perception.jhu.edu. (August 2016)

• It's official! In Summer 2017, we're starting up our new lab in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Johns Hopkins University. (March 2016)

People

Principal Investigator

Chaz Firestone [personal webpage][cv] Assistant Professor of Psychological & Brain Sciences chaz@jhu.edu Chaz is interested in the nature of seeing, thinking, and the relation between the two. He came to Johns Hopkins after earning his PhD in Psychology at Yale; before that, he spent some time as a graduate student in philosophy at Brown, where he was also an undergraduate. Chaz likes to grapple, eat sour or pickled foods, and set spurious world records for fastest circumnavigation of the globe on foot. He also gets to work with all of the amazing people on this page.

Affiliated Faculty

Ian Phillips [personal webpage] Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Psychology ianbphillips@jhu.edu Ian is a philosopher and cognitive scientist working on perception; its relations to memory, imagination, and belief; the science of consciousness; and temporal experience. After holding positions at Princeton, Birmingham, Oxford, and UCL, he came to JHU in 2019 as a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor in Philosophy and PBS. Ian has advised empirical projects on the perception of time, and recently published a new theory of blindsight. He also has strong feelings about Negronis.

Postdoctoral Fellows

Nicolò Cesana-Arlotti [personal webpage] Postdoctoral Fellow nicolocesanaarlotti@gmail.com Nico studies the origins of logical reasoning, including how this capacity crops up in surprising places like the minds of preverbal infants and the visual systems of adults. He comes to us most recently from the Halberda lab here at JHU, and received his PhD from Universitat Pompeu Fabra. With us, he is exploring how logical inferences leave traces in adult visual attention, as reflected in patterns of eye movements. In July 2023, he will start his own lab at Yale University.

Graduate Students

Sholei Croom Graduate Student scroom1@jhu.edu Sholei is interested in the interplay between perception, action and physical understanding. After spending their undergraduate years at Brown running reach-to-grasp experiments with Fulvio Domini, Sholei was a lab manager with Josh Tenenbaum at MIT, where they thought about how structural power manifests in cognitive science research (and even gave a talk about it!). Here in the lab, Sholei is using their embroidery skills for research, by exploring mental knot-tying.

Rui Zhe Goh Graduate Student (co-advised by Ian Phillips) rgoh1@jhu.edu Rui Zhe is fascinated by the temporal nature of perception, and is exploring how the mind integrates information over time to produce a seamless experiential flow. He was an undergraduate at Yale-NUS, where he studied attention with Chris Asplund and also visited Brian Scholl’s lab to study perceived animacy using uncanny face morphs. Rui Zhe loves cooking Singaporean food and has strong opinions about fried rice (which must be cooked hot enough to produce wok hei).

Caroline Myers [personal webpage] Graduate Student (co-advised by Justin Halberda) cmyers60@jhu.edu Caroline is interested in the relation between attention and experience, including how attentional capacities develop from childhood through adolescence and into adulthood. She spent her undergraduate and MA years at NYU in Marisa Carrasco's lab investigating performance field asymmetries and links between vision and touch. Caroline is a lifelong athlete, with interests in running, volleyball, and lacrosse, including a substantial competitive record as a horseback rider!

Makaela Nartker Graduate Student (co-advised by Howard Egeth) makaela@jhu.edu Makaela thinks about how people think about how machines see. She spent two years in Jeremy Wolfe's lab at Harvard Medical School, where she studied how to play nicely with robots. Before that, she was an undergraduate at The Ohio State University, where she made cool 3D stimuli with Jim Todd, scanned brains with Julie Golomb, and spelled her state's name with Barack Obama. This is Makaela's brain; this is Makaela's brain's cat.

Zekun Sun [personal webpage] Graduate Student zekun@jhu.edu Zekun is exploring the perception of complexity — why some objects look informationally dense or sparse, and how to study this topic in new and creative ways. Her previous work at the Chinese Academy of Sciences explored visual attention to painful images (such as a hammer hitting a hand), including one study in which she inflicted actual pain on her subjects by attaching a contact-heat thermode to their arms. For this reason, we don't mess with Zekun.

Lab Affiliates

Axel Bax [personal webpage] Research Assistant abax1@jhu.edu Axel graduated from JHU in 2021 and now works as an admissions counselor here. He used a laser cutter and Raspberry Pi to run our lab's first "real world" vision experiment, on perspectival representation in perception. Axel likes to cook, and is somehow also a professional futsal player. Really: He plays for the Baltimore Kings, and once competed for a national championship with a broken wrist. Here are his sick highlights. By a 10-1 lab vote, Axel has the coolest name in cognitive science.

Patrick Little Graduate Student, NYU pat.little@nyu.edu Pat was a member of the JHU Class of 2019, until he graduated early to live his best life. He became our lab's first member when he started working with us in 2017, winning a Summer Training and Research Award and turning viral memes into science. He even stuck around as our lab manager until we finally let him move to Todd Gureckis's lab for his PhD. Though Pat has left our lab, he has not left our hearts, minds, Slack workspace, lab meetings, or collaborations (sorry Todd).

David Schwitzgebel Graduate Student, Institut Jean Nicod - École Normale Supérieure david.schwitzgebel@ens.psl.eu David joined our lab in 2019 as a summer intern, and he continues to collaborate with us on "possible objects" in perception. He majored in cognitive science at Vassar College, and now works with Brent Strickland as a PhD student at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. David sings baritone in a choir, identifies as a science-fiction geek, and recently became a citizen of Luxembourg though a "convoluted ancestral technicality" that his aunt discovered.

Qihan Wu Graduate Student, Flombaum lab qwu30@jhu.edu Qihan is interested in the perception of beauty. Her previous work at NYU with Denis Pelli explored beauty's "dimensionality"; now, she's interested in how beauty connects up with other psychological processes, and also in the role of uncertainty and probability in perception. Qihan enjoys classical music, and has a very specific recording she listens to when debugging code: Zhu Xiao Mei's performance of J.S. Bach's Goldberg Variations, BWV 988.

Qian Yu Graduate Student, Halberda lab qianyu@jhu.edu Qian studies how we remember what we see, and how remembering is or isn't like seeing. While working as a translator of popular books (incl. Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson!), she read some psychology books and became fascinated by how the mind works. So, she joined Ying-Yi Hong's Culture Lab at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and explored the Uncanny Valley phenomenon. Qian gives you two lab members for the price of one, since she is rarely seen without her cat, Pipi.

Simon Brown [personal webpage] Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Philosophy simonabbrown@gmail.com Simon is a philosopher who works on representation of temporal properties, memory, and animal minds. A recent paper of his asks how a creature might behave in temporally appropriate ways without temporal representation. Before coming to Hopkins, Simon completed a BA and Masters degree at the University of Oxford, and a PhD at Columbia University. In his spare time, he plays cello, double bass, and a ukulele he found outside his apartment in New York City.

Zhenglong Zhou Graduate Student, U. of Pennsylvania zzhou34@sas.penn.edu Zhenglong is a member of the JHU Class of 2019 who majored in cognitive science and math and worked in our lab. With us, he explored how similar the human mind is to various sophisticated machine-learning systems, by asking how humans perceive images that fool machines. Zhenglong is now a grad student at Penn, but he still has lots of projects with us, so he gets to stay on the website. He also plays funky jazz guitar and sends Chaz groovy jazz-fusion recommendations.

Undergraduates

Tal Boger [personal webpage] Research Assistant tal.boger@yale.edu Tal is a statistics major at Yale who joined us in summer 2020. He has led our lab's most intriguingly titled project ("melting ice with your mind"), and now studies door handles and shirt collars. On top of statistics, Tal likes basketball and comedy, and once combined all three by generating fake Woj tweets on his basketball analytics blog. Tal performs stand-up comedy, writes SNL-style sketches, and has worked to expand a robot aging assistant's linguistic capabilities.

Lana Milman Research Assistant lmilman1@jhu.edu Lana is interested in how colors make decisions for us. She recently graduated from the Bryn Mawr School in Baltimore, where she became the first high school student to join our lab, and even led a lab meeting. Lana is now an undergraduate here at Hopkins, where she intends to major in neuroscience (unless we can convince her otherwise). In addition to playing with colors, Lana plays the piano, is a second degree black belt in Kenpo Karate, and makes art.

Hanbei Zhou Research Assistant hzou43@jhu.edu Hanbei is a first-year student majoring in Neuroscience. She is interested in interactions between perception, attention, and consciousness, and is collaborating with us on studies of "pantomimed actions". Hanbei plays piano, reads sci-fi, loves anime (favorites: Death Note and Jujutsu Kaisen), and volunteers as a translator for the Organization for Transformative Works. She also makes fanvideos and fanart.

Alumni (see more)

Jorge Morales [lab webpage] At JHU: Postdoctoral Fellow (2018-2021) Now: Assistant Professor, Northeastern University j.morales@northeastern.edu Jorge is interested in the nature of subjectivity. In the lab, he studied how subjectivity structures our perceptual experiences, and did independent research on how we introspect our conscious states. Jorge now runs his own lab at Northeastern University, where he is an assistant professor of Psychology and Philosophy. Jorge takes photographs and makes cocktails (sometimes together).

Alon Hafri [personal webpage] At JHU: Postdoctoral Fellow (2019-2022) Now: Assistant Professor, University of Delaware alon@udel.edu Alon studies how language encodes scene structure (e.g., what is in, on, above, or below what), as well as the perceptual processes that extract such information. One of his discoveries in our lab was an intriguing new form of psychokinesis. Alon is now a professor at the University of Delaware, running the Perception & Language lab. He also makes beer and soup, and performs in an annual Purim play.

Austin Baker [personal webpage] At JHU: Visiting Graduate Student (2018-2019) Now: Postdoctoral Assistant Professor, Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science austin.baker@rutgers.edu Austin studies the overlap of perception and social cognition, including how our worldview impacts perceptual and cognitive judgments. Austin earned a PhD in Philosophy from Rutgers in 2019 and spent their final year of grad school in our lab. Austin has worked in a congressional office, been a community organizer, and worked to make academia more inclusive. They like 80s and 90s cult sci-fi.

Chenxiao Guan [personal webpage] At JHU: Graduate Student (2017-2022; co-advised by Jon Flombaum) Now: Postdoctoral Fellow, Zhejiang University chenxiao@jhu.edu Chenxiao studies connections between what we see and what we can create, including how we see objects that can make something new. She came to us from the University of Rochester, where she studied affordances in the CAOs Lab and took advanced math courses for fun. While at JHU, Chenxiao won the William James Prize from the SPP, and instituted a lab dress code.

Research

Join Us

Interested in joining the lab? Send an e-mail to Chaz Firestone. Please also check out our opportunities page to learn more about the positions currently available in the lab.